Electric circuit working with high-voltage



Feb. 28, 1933. R sTRlGEL I Q 1,899,216

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT WORKING WITH HIGH VOLTAGE Filed May 13, 1929 2 Sheet's-$heet 1 fly/ my f5 6 c; If. Z

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9M Mm AM Feb. 28, 1933. R. STRIGEL ELECTRIC CIRCUIT WORKING WITH HIGH VOLTAGE Filed May 13, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet '2 wulwn i (Max bu /z *1 Patented Feb. 28,1-1933) STATES-PATENT oFFI-ca aonuar STyRlGEIQ or BERLIN-CHARLOTTENBURG, GERMANY, ASSIGNOB T IE ENS SC H'UCIKIEIIR/JJ TEIELKE .AKTIENGESELLSGHAFI, 0F BERLIN-SIEMENSSTADT, GERMANY,

I A OORPORATION or GERMANY ELECTRICCIRCUIT WORKING WITH HIGH-VOLTAG Application med May 13,1929, Serial No. asamnand in. Germany na 16,-1928.-

My invention relates to improvements'in an-electric circuit working with high-voltage, more particularly adirect current circuit, in whichzare connected a plurality of electric discharge. vessels, more particularly electron, hot-cathode or vacuum tubes.

. The object of my invention is to obtain a uniform distribution of the voltage over the individual discharge vessels or electron tubes.

I attain this end in view by providing at the individual electron tubes devices adapted to increase the capacity between the anode and the cathode of the tube, so that by suite ably dimensioning the resulting capacities at the individual tubes, a uniform distribution of the Voltage over all of them is obtained.

I will now describe my invention more particularly with reference to-the drawings affixed hereto and forming. part ofmy specification.

In the drawings Fig. 1 represents a connection diagram of a circuit workingwith high-voltage, in which aplurality of electron or hot-cathode tubes are connected in series,

Fig. 2, the distribution of the capacity values in the connection system of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 represents a graph, showing the distribution of the voltage over the individual electron tubes of the system according to Fig. 1, I

Fig. 4 represents an electron tube of the character used inFig. 1 to which my invention is applied,

Fig. 5 represents my improved anode, the hot cathode and the leads to the hot cathode applied to an electron tube according to Fig.

1, and

Fig. 6 represents a modification of the arrangement according to Fig. 5.

When electric discharge vessels (such as high-Voltage electron tubes with hot cathodes) worked at high-voltages are connected in series, the voltage is unequally distributed over the individual'tubes. tron tubes connected in series it'has been found that approximately p. c. of the entire voltage falls to the share of the first tube.

This may be accounted for by the fact, that p the tubes possess not only capacity between With three elec-' 2 and vgaccording to the diagramof Fig. 1 I

exist as shownin the electrostatic conditions the diagram Fig. 2. The point E 'is coninec'ted .to ground, S has the'full stopping voltage to ground, C ,.G and G are, capacity values of the anode againstqthe cathode of the tubes V V and V o are-the capacity values ofpthe individual 'tubes to ,earth, a being, the capacity of the anode of tube .V to ground, 0 being the capacity ofthe' cathode of the tube V 'and the anodeof V to ground, and 0 the capacity ofthe cathode of tube V and the anode. of tube V to ground. The substitution diagram of Fig. 2.

is that of a chain of condensers with simple interlinking'. When calculating the voltage distribution for this three-link chain, the distribution as shown in the graph Fig. 3 is obtained. j 5

, For the "voltage distributionthe ratioc/C is a characteristic value and the distribution of the voltage is the'more uniformv the. greater 0 isin relation to c. In order to render the, voltage drop at the high-voltage electron tubes'as uniform as possible the capacityof the individual tubes to ground might thusbe kept as small as possible. This is possible by suitably spacing the tubes, but here limits exist from the very beginning. As example may be mentioned different spacing of the tubes to; ground, mounting on insulators of minimum ground capacity.

v The voltage drop might, however, also be made more uniform by increasing 0. According to my invention one or a plurality of the tubes connected in series is or are therefore provided with means for addi tionally increasing the capacity-between an ode and cathode. This increase of the capacity between the individual anodes and cathodes may'at the same time becarried out in such a .way, that a stepping of the individual capacity values C results. In this way may be attained a perfectly uniform distribution of the voltage between the individual tubes. Frequently it is, however, unnecessary to obtain a perfectly uniform distribution of the voltage, and it is suflicient that the tube subject to the highest stresses is suitablyrelieved. It is then only necessary to increase the capacity of this single tube.

Theincrease of the capacity between anode and cathode of the individual tubes may be attained in various ways. As illustrated in Fig. 4: of the drawings the caps 1 and 2 at the bushings of the anode and the cathode may, for instance, be provided with discshaped lateral extensions or flanges 3 and 4, whereby a considerable increase of the capacity is attained.

Fig. 5 of the drawings illustrates the interior of an electron or hot-cathode tube with the cylindrical anode 5 and the coaxial cathode 6 consisting of a plurality of hot filaments. On end of each anode cylinder here terminates in a disc-shaped extension or flange 7. Opposite this flange 7 is located a second flange 8 mounted on the supporting frame of the hot cathode and in electrical connection with it. I

In the design illustrated in Fig. 6 of the drawings the anode cylinder 5 enclosing the hot cathode 6 is extended at one end, so that it also envelopes the leads'and bushings of the cathode. Various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention.

V I claim as my invention:

1. In an arrangement for obtaining an equal voltage distribution in electric high tension circuits, a plurality of electric discharge tubes connected in series in the circuit, each tube having a surface enlargement at oneend of its anode and of its cathode, whereby the self capacity between the anodes and cathodes of said tubes is artificially enlarged.

. 2. In an arrangement for obtaining an equal voltage distribution in electric high tension circuits, a plurality of electric discharge tubes connected in series in the circuit, each tube having a surface enlargement at one end of its anode and of its cathode, whereby the self capacity between the anodes and cathodes of said tubes is artificially enlarged, at least one tube having for this purpose a disc shaped enlargement at the terminal portion of its anode and its cathode.

3. In an arrangement for obtaining an equal voltage distribution in electric high tension circuits, a plurality of electric discharge tubes connected in series in the circuit, eachtube having a surface enlargement at one end of its anode and of its cathode, whereby the self capacity between the anodes and cathodes of said tubes is artificially enlarged, at least one tube having a cylindrical anode surrounding the cathode and having for capacity enlargement purposes discshaped enlargements on said anode and on said cathode, facing one another.

4. In an arrangement for obtaining an equal voltage distribution in electric high tension circuits, a plurality of electric discharge tubes connected in series in the circuit, each tube having a surface enlargement atone end of its anode and of its cathode, whereby the self capacity between the anodes and cathodes of said tubes is artifically enlarged, at least one tube having a cylindrical anode and a cathode disposed within the anode and having for capacity enlargement purposes enlarged cylindrical cathode terminal surfaces, and a cyl1ndr1ca1 anode extension surround ing said terminal surfaces.

In testimony whereof I aifix my signature. 4

ROBERT STRIGEL. 

